Metallic calcium, being a very reactive metal, is a strong reducing agent. Its main uses include: deoxidising, desulphurising and degassing in steel and cast iron production; deoxidising in the production of metals like chromium, niobium, samarium, thorium, titanium, uranium and vanadium; as an alloying material in the lead industry to produce maintenance-free car batteries, where calcium-lead alloys can increase strength and improve corrosion resistance and creep resistance; as a deoxidising agent in various non-ferrous metals, rare earth metals and refractory metals; as an alloying agent in the production of aluminium, beryllium, copper, lead, magnesium and other non-ferrous alloys; as a deoxidiser in the production of high-purity steel and non-ferrous alloys; removing bismuth in the lead industry and lead alloys.